PROVINCIAL MUSLIM KINGDOMS
PROVINCIAL MUSLIM KINGDOMS
1) GUJARAT KINGDOM-Sultan Ahmad shah paid attention to the reorganisation of administration and is known as one of the successful rulers in history of the kingdom. He is known for his justice liberality and munificence.He was a great patron of buildings and build a modern city of ahmedabad on the left bank of river sabarmati and shifted his capital there.The author of Mirat i sikandary face high tribute to the qualities of sultan Mahmud shah and records "he added glory and lustre to the kingdom of Gujarat and was the best of all the Gujarat kings including all who preceded and all who succeeded him and wheather for abounding justice and generosity,, for soundness of judgement like in Boyhood in menhood and old age, for power for valour and victory he was a pattern of excellence".
2) MALWA KINGDOM-Hushang shah built a new capital at mandu and adore with many beautiful buildings. Mahmud khilji constructed 7 story tower at mandu .Mehmood khilji prove to be a very able ruler under him malwa emerged as a powerful and prosperous kingdom.According to farishta "sultan mehmud was a polite, brave, just and learned, scarcely a year passed that he did not take field so that his tent became his home and field of battles his resting place, his leisure hours were devoted to hearing the history and memories of the courts of different kings of the earth read."
3) JAUNPUR KINGDOM-Ibrahim Shah sharqi who proved to be the greatest ruler of sharqi dynasty and ruled for 38 years.During his reign the Kingdom made remarkable cultural progress. As professor Ishwari Prasad has observed "to his court flocked eminent man of letters attracted by his bounty who made Jaunpur a famous seat of Muslim learning in the East and left traditions which are remembered even to this day. from the anarchy of the time cause by the disappearance of a strong Central power and and the storm of taimur's invasion literary men sought refuge at his court and were cordially received by him. The most famous among them was qazi shahabuddin malik ul ulema a refugee from Delhi whom Abul Fazal mentions as a man widely famous for his wisdom and learning. Ibrahim Shah also established number of the schools and colleges he also evolved a new style of architecture known as sharqi style and constructed a number of Mosques in this style. on account of these accomplishments Jaunpur came to be known as Shiraz of India.
4) KASHMIR KINGDOM- Sultan Zainul Abedin ruled for 50 years and was the greatest ruler of Kashmir.He tried to fix the responsibility for local crimes on the village communities as a result of which the number of theft and Highway Robberies greatly decline. He lightened the burden of taxation and try to regulate the prices of essential commodities. he also tried to improve the currency and check the evil of the debasing of the currency. He also undertook large number of public works. He patronised literary activities. He got numerous arabic and Persian books translated into Hindi . he also patronized music and painting. in the foreign sphere also he tried to maintain friendly relations with the rulers of Delhi , Gujarat, Gwalior,Mecca, Egypt, khurasan etc.
5)BAHAMANI KINGDOM-Alauddin Bahman Shah provided an efficient system of administration and shifted his capital to Gulbarga. He divided his Kingdom into fourth tarafs ( provinces ) this Gulberg ,daulatabad, birar , Bidar. Mohammad shah I (1358-75) sought the company of the learned and was due to this the men like shaikhul mashaikh zainuddin daulatabadi Maulana Nizamuddin Hakim zaheeruddin tabrezi crowded his capital and made that a centre of the learned and envy of all parts of India.He devoted most of his time to scholars pursuits and literature. He set up public schools and welcome learnt man from all parts of Asia. He avoided unnecessary expenditure and treated himself as a trusty of the public money.Mahmud gavan served with great sense of devotion and loyalty he undertook number of expeditions and greatly extended the boundaries of the Empire.
Medieval Indian History- SC Raychoudhary
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