*Writings in the Prophetic Era*


1. *Letters of Protection [Aman Nama]* — The Prophet (peace be upon him) had letters of protection written and given to many people and families, numbering in the hundreds. For example, he had Amir bin Fuhayrah, the freed slave of Hazrat Abu Bakr, write a letter of protection. Similarly, the Prophet (peace be upon him) granted letters of protection to the Jahina tribe, Banu Zur’ah, and Banu Rabba.


2. *Constitution of the Islamic State* — After reaching Madinah, the Prophet (peace be upon him) had a written charter prepared, which was the constitution of the Islamic state he established. It contained several clauses, the details of which are present in books of Seerah.


3. *Census [Mardum Shumari]* — Upon arriving in Madinah, the Prophet (peace be upon him) had a census of Muslims conducted and kept its written record preserved. One narration mentions that the names of 1,500 Muslims were written, and another narration mentions 500. Therefore, the Muhaddithin think that he had the census conducted twice.


4. *Register of Mujahideen* — Whenever there was an occasion of a battle or jihad, the Prophet (peace be upon him) would have a list of the Mujahideen prepared. Accordingly, Imam Bukhari established a chapter: “Those whose names were written in the army.”


5. *Deeds of Ownership [Milkiyat Nama]* — The Prophet (peace be upon him) granted property to many people and gave them written deeds of ownership. For example, he granted Muslim Udaba bin Farqat a piece of land in Makkah Mukarramah to build a house, and also gave him a document in which the location of the land was also written.


6. *Land Grants [Jagir Nama]* — Some individuals were granted land estates, and written documents acknowledging their ownership were also given. For example, Hazrat Zubair bin Awwam was granted the estate of the Surag area, and a written document was given to him.


7. *Endowment Deeds [Waqf Nama]* — When some companions endowed their property, the Prophet (peace be upon him) had

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