*Rulings on Prayer (Namaz ke Masail)*

_Source: Bahishti Zewar, Hakim al-Ummah Maulana Ashraf Ali Thanwi_


*Ruling 1)* Do not recite a longer surah in the second rak‘at than in the first rak‘at.


*Ruling 2)* If the same surah that was recited in the first rak‘at is recited again in the second rak‘at, there is no harm in it.


*Ruling 3)* If someone walks in front of a person praying, or if a dog, cat, goat, or any other animal passes by, the prayer is not invalidated.


*Ruling 4)* Prayer is valid on a carpet that has pictures on it, but do not prostrate on the picture itself. And keeping a prayer mat with pictures is _makruh_.[disliked]


*Ruling 5)* Praying with a handkerchief draped over the shoulders is _makruh_.


*Ruling 6)* Praying with eyes closed is not preferred. But if closing the eyes helps one concentrate better in prayer, then there is no harm in praying with eyes closed.


*Ruling 7)* If a snake comes in front, it is permissible to break the prayer out of fear of it. If a hen was left loose at night and a cat comes near it, it is permissible to break the prayer out of fear for it. If during prayer there is a strong urge to urinate or defecate, break the prayer. If a blind woman or man is walking and there is a well ahead and there is fear of falling into it, then breaking the prayer to save them is obligatory (_fard_). If parents, grandparents, maternal grandparents call out due to some distress, then it is obligatory (_wajib_) to break a fard prayer.

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