*Rulings on Sajda-e-Sahw (Prostration of Forgetfulness)*  

_Source: Bahishti Zewar, Hakim al-Ummah Maulana Ashraf Ali Thanwi_


*Ruling 1)* After saying the opening _takbir_ and tying hands, if one mistakenly recites _Dua-e-Qunoot_ in place of _Subhanaka Allahumma_, then _sajda-e-sahw_ is not obligatory. Similarly, if in the third or fourth rak‘at of a fard prayer one recites _At-Tahiyyat_ or something else in place of _Alhamdu_, then too _sajda-e-sahw_ is not obligatory.


*Ruling 2)* In a three-rak‘at or four-rak‘at prayer, if one forgets to sit after the second rak‘at and stands up for the third rak‘at:  

- If the lower half of the body has not yet become upright, then sit down, recite _At-Tahiyyat_, then stand. In this case _sajda-e-sahw_ is not obligatory.  

- And if the lower half of the body has become upright, then do not sit. Remain standing and complete all four rak‘ats, sit only at the end. In this case _sajda-e-sahw_ is obligatory.


*Ruling 3)* If one forgets to sit in the fourth rak‘at and the lower part of the body has not yet become upright, then sit down, recite _At-Tahiyyat_ and _Durood_ etc., say salam, and _sajda-e-sahw_ is not done.  

And if one has stood upright, then even then sit down. Rather, even if one has already recited _Alhamdu_ and a surah, or has even done ruku, still sit down, recite _At-Tahiyyat_ and do _sajda-e-sahw_.  

However, if one did not remember even after ruku and has performed _sajda_ of the fifth rak‘at, then repeat the fard prayer. Or this prayer becomes nafl, and one should add one more rak‘at to complete six rak‘ats, and not do _sajda-e-sahw_. And if one did not add another rak‘at and said salam at the fifth rak‘at, then four rak‘ats become nafl and one rak‘at is wasted.


*Ruling 4)* If doubt occurs in prayer whether three rak‘ats were prayed or four:  

- If the doubt happened by chance and it is not one’s habit to have such doubts, then repeat the prayer.  

- And if it is one’s habit to doubt and such suspicion often occurs, then think in the heart to see where the heart inclines more. If the stronger assumption is that three rak‘ats were prayed, then pray one more and _sajda-e-sahw_ is not obligatory. And if the stronger assumption is that all four rak‘ats have been prayed, then do not pray another rak‘at and also do not do _sajda-e-sahw_.  

- And if after thinking both sides remain equal — the inclination is neither more toward three nor toward four — then consider it three rak‘ats and pray one more. But in this case, also sit after the third rak‘at and recite _At-Tahiyyat_, then stand for the fourth rak‘at, and also do _sajda-e-sahw_.


*Ruling 5)* If by mistake _Dua-e-Qunoot_ was recited in the first or second rak‘at of Witr, it carries no weight. Recite it again in the third rak‘at and do _sajda-e-sahw_.


*Ruling 6)* In Witr, if _Subhanaka Allahumma_ was recited in place of _Dua-e-Qunoot_, then when one remembers and recites _Dua-e-Qunoot_, _sajda-e-sahw_ is not obligatory.


*Ruling 7)* If in the last two rak‘ats of a fard prayer, or in one rak‘at, one forgot to recite _Alhamdu_ and remained standing silently then went into ruku, even then _sajda-e-sahw_ is not obligatory.

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