*Rulings on Wudu (Wazu ke Masail)*
_Source: Bahishti Zewar, Hakim al-Ummah Maulana Ashraf Ali Thanwi_
*Ruling 1)* Once wudu has been performed and it has not yet broken, then until some act of worship has been done with that wudu, doing another wudu is _makruh_ and prohibited. If someone did wudu while bathing, then prayer should be offered with that wudu — do not do another wudu before it breaks. Yes, if at least two rak‘ats of prayer have been offered with that wudu, then doing wudu again is not only permissible but earns reward.
*Ruling 2)* If there is a boil or some other such ailment on the hand, foot, etc., and pouring water on it causes harm, then do not pour water. While doing wudu, just pass a wet hand over it. This is called _masah_. And if even that causes harm, then do not pass the hand either — leave that area.
*Ruling 3)* When a bone is broken and splints of bamboo are placed and a wooden board is tied, the same ruling applies: until the board cannot be opened, pass the hand over the bandage.
*Ruling 4)* If someone peels off the scab from a boil or pimple and blood or pus becomes visible underneath, but the blood/pus remains in its place and does not flow to any side, then wudu is not broken. If it flows, then wudu is broken.
*Ruling 5)* If one vomits and food or drink or bile comes up: if it is a mouthful, then wudu is broken. And if it is not a mouthful, then wudu is not broken.
*Ruling 6)* If one dozes off while lying down, or falls asleep while sitting leaning against something, and is so unaware that if the support were not there one would fall, then wudu is broken. And if one falls asleep while sitting or standing in prayer, then wudu is not broken. And if one falls asleep in prostration, then wudu is broken.
*Ruling 7)* If during prayer one laughs so loudly that one hears one’s own voice and those nearby also hear it — like when laughing heartily everyone nearby hears — then both wudu and prayer are broken.
*Ruling 8)* If one remembers doing wudu and does not clearly remember afterwards whether it broke or not, then such wudu will be considered intact. Prayer with it is valid. But doing wudu again is better.
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