Forms of Poetry part 2

 Here’s the English translation of your Urdu text on *Asnaf-e-Shayari (Forms of Poetry)*:

*4) Qasida (Ode)*

In Arabic, _qasida_ means “to be deep/thorough” or “to extract essence,” because in a qasida, the poet has to present the essence of a couplet by spending extreme effort and time on it — hence it got this name. According to some scholars, _qasida_ is derived from _qasd_ (intention), because the poet, with full attention and intention, composes verses on a specific subject. That is why this form of poetry came to be called _qasida_. 

In literary terminology, _qasida_ is that form of nazm in which someone is either praised or criticized.

*5) Masnavi*

The literal meaning of _masnavi_ is “two-two” or “something having two parts.” _Masnavi_ is a poetic form in which both lines (misra) of every couplet have the same rhyme, but the rhyme of each couplet is different from the others. However, the meter (beher) remains the same throughout.

*6) Rubai (Quatrain)*

A _rubai_ is a poem of four lines. Its first, second, and fourth lines rhyme with each other, while the third line is usually unrhymed. The first couplet of a rubai is not called a _maqta_. In a rubai, special care is taken to ensure that the fourth line is the most impactful, because this line is the essence of the rubai. 

Observing rhyme and meter is mandatory for a rubai. There are 24 fixed meters prescribed for rubai. A rubai that deviates from these meters cannot be called a rubai.

---

*Note*: _Beher_ = poetic meter, _qafiya_ = rhyme, _misra_ = line of a couplet, _maqta_ = last couplet containing the poet’s pen-name. 

Want me to compile all 6 points of Asnaf-e-Adab and Asnaf-e-Shayari into clean notes for revision?